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The Vaunted Protector
of Our Democracy Is Long Gone
Few Know of The Concerted Plan To Infiltrate The Media In This
Country
NewsFocus, By Tim Watts 031209
What Most Don’t Know About Media In The United States
The Takeover And Control of News And Information in America
In the beginning we had the Gutenberg printing
press. Books and newspapers were the information king, but
printed material was often voluminous and disbursement was slow.
The dawning of the technical age of media
allowed the spread of information at a much faster pace than
ever before in the history of mankind. With the advent of the
electronic age came the telegraph and then the telephone, with radio,
television, cable, and satellite to follow. The flow of news and
information could now travel instantly around the globe,
allowing thoughts and ideas to be shared with lightning speed.
The information age was born.
Just as this new age could become a boon to
mankind, allowing the propagation of knowledge to enlighten
humanity, it could also become a dangerous shackle by
disillusioning man with disinformation and propaganda. The
dissemination of media was only as good as those that created
and delivered it.
The electronic age brought about an era of
ingenuity unlike any ever seen before in the history of mankind.
Technology moved along at a breakneck pace due to the rapid flow
of information. The invention of the computer would be the
topper of them all, giving us the electronic storage and instant
retrieval of data, while allowing it to be quickly sorted and
analyzed in ways never before imagined.
As a result of the computer, a new medium
would soon be born that would involve three of the preceding
electronic technologies; the invention of the internet would
employ telephone, cable and satellite to forge a new medium that
offered broadband delivery capabilities for disseminating all
media, newspapers, radio and television, from one source.
Recognizing the vast potential of electronic
media brought about government intervention for registration as
well as regulation. Commercial patents would need to be issued,
along with guidelines for business use and the establishment of
competitive markets.
A History of Broadcast Regulation
The first act to regulate the licensing of
radio was the Radio Act of 1912
which formally assigned three and four letter designations to
radio stations. It also demanded all
amateur radio operators (HAM) to be licensed and prevented them
from transmitting over federally assigned commercial and
military wavelengths. Regulation of the act was assigned to The
United States Department of Commerce and Labor. They were given
authority to impose fines and to revoke the licenses of any
radio operator caught violating the new act.
Surprising enough, part of its
inception was brought about by the sinking of the Titanic. It
required all seagoing ships to maintain 24-hour radio contact
with coastal stations and all other ocean vessels. The Wireless
Ship Act of 1910 was seen as not being definitive enough as a
standard, thus the 1912 act was born.
An ensuing military concern only scant years
later brought about the 1927 Radio Act, passed by Congress
and originally said to be
designed to regulate broadcast radio in "the public
interest, convenience, and necessity," however a little
known impetus was to prevent the use of
wireless as a weapon of war, not as a transmitter of enemy
propaganda; so the story has been suggested.
Another Theory
One other more interesting thought that might
be entertained, if you understand the 1913 meeting at Jekyll
Island (see Federal Reserve story), is that it very well may not
have been radio, per se, that they were
interested in regulating regarding this innovative new and most
powerful persuasive medium. Radio indeed held the capability to
provide instant communication
with large populations, thus holding the potential for what some
might consider to be dangerous and persuasive
free speech that could emanate from this sweeping new
technology, dispensing hidden truth that could be disseminated
and radiated en masse, to not only local and larger geographical
regions, but an entire nation.
This new regulation of communications was
handled by two government entities, the Department of Commerce
and the Interstate Commerce commission, but in 1934 the Congress
and President Franklin Roosevelt were pressured to combine
regulation of both wired and wireless into one act. The idea was
to create a unique, unprecedented power over all electronic
communications, an omnipotent overseer to regulate interstate
and foreign communications commerce, not just for the public
well being, but to a greater degree, for the national defense.
The Communications Act of 1934
Roosevelt's request was made public in January
of 1934. It was debated by the Senate for several days in March
while the House took but one day in April. Both bills were
finally coalesced into one bill on June 19th by the 73d Congress
and the new Communications Act was born. (Public Law # 416)
While the act had few detractors, there were some critics who
were worried about the well being of public radio, although in
the end the final bill left commercial and educational
broadcasting to be struck down by the new Commission. In 1941,
radio frequencies were finally set aside for public
broadcasting, but not on the then popular AM band, rather
instead only on a new, less utilized channel, known as FM.
The Communications Act of 1934 was divided
into several dozen sections, which were in turn split into six
parts called titles.
Title 1 - general FCC regulations
Title 2 - common carrier regulations
Title 3 - broadcasting regulations
Title 4 - administration & procedural regulations
Title 5 - penal provisions, fines and forfeiture regulations
Title 6 - miscellaneous sundry regulations
The advent of public broadcasting in 1967 broadened Title 3,
along with the creation of
National Public Radio (NPR) in 1972, and the Children's
Television Act of 1990, but it was the
premier of cable in 1984 that brought about an all new amendment
altogether, Title 7, later expanded further in the cable act of
1992. although one would think Title 7 would have been covered
already under the wired and wireless acts.
Creation of The FCC
The Communications Act of 1934 was long
considered a pillar of American broadcasting, with the stated
purpose of bringing together under one roof the governance of
both wireless and wired communications. As a direct result, it
brought about the creation of the Federal Communications
Commission, a then seven member panel commonly known as the FCC.
The FCC is technically considered an
independent regulatory agency, although it is under the direct
review of both Congress and the President. Today It is headed by
five commissioners who are appointed by the president, with the
advice and consent of the Senate. The collective commissioners
serve staggered five year terms, with no more than two
representing any one political party. That leaves the fifth
member, the chairman, who is excluded from this restriction,
thus still leaving room for a political imbalance, depending on
the political party in power. Since the sitting president
appoints this chairperson, the political influence of the
commission swings with each presidential election.
The FCC's jurisdiction covers the 50 united
states, and all of its U.S. possessions. It is directly
responsible for regulating interstate and international
communications of radio, television, wire, satellite, microwave,
and cable, while also including the cellular telephone industry, digital broadcasting, and
personal communications systems.
The commission grants
commercial licenses for a limited number of individual
frequencies, while reportedly withholding roughly fifty percent of all available
frequencies for the federal government for national
security and public safety. The FCC also regulates
interstate common carrier systems, radio systems for industry,
trucking, taxis, police and fire departments, emergency medical
vehicles and marine-ship systems, as well as all aviation
communication.
Ideally, the Communications Act essentially should work
in conjunction with the First Amendment's freedom of speech and
its press provisions, relying on the commerce clause of Article
I, section 8. The airwaves have always been considered as public
domain and rightfully need to be regulated in the public interest. The
conservative far right has often screamed about what they call a
liberal media bias;
translation, an unfair advantage against the corporate rich, in favor of
the common man. The corporate right has long argued that the FCC
has over-regulated the electronic media, thus giving the unfair
advantage to the average American. As a result, many of the corporate
wealthy have vehemently
called for major alterations to the act, even going so far as proposing to abolish the FCC and its long entrusted duty to protect the public
interest.
While the Communications Act of 1934 lasted
for many decades, it was itself amended more than once due to
the vastly new fast emerging technology advancements, such as
the Communications Satellite Act
of 1962, the Cable Act of 1992, and the Telecommunications Act
of 1996.
Telecom Act of 1996
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 changed the law in
order for corporate entities and wealthy individuals to buy unlimited numbers of radio stations.
There used to be a very strict limit, but now that restriction has been lifted,
allowing as many purchases as these media barons can possibly finance nationwide, with up to eight
allowed in a
single town. This type of media monopoly was expressly prohibited under the previous law for very
good reason. It prevented one person, or a group, from buying up the media
in order to indoctrinate the populace with their own jaded political or
religious ideology.
What we have now under the new law is dangerous to our
republic and the democracy that we used to know and cherish. The protector of our Constitutional rights
is now gone. We have lost our watchdog over
political skullduggery and corporate malfeasance.
We are now left with an elite group of wealthy owners
and corporate entities that decide what the rest of us
get to hear on local radio or view on our televisions.
This cabal of predominantly conservative individuals and
media entities now deliver only their version of politics, brainwashing the
masses as a result. We are now continually bombarded with far right wing
ideology that drowns out the liberal or moderate voice in our country. As
a result, listeners are now inundated with the far right opinions of Rush
Limbaugh, Laura Ingram and Michael Savage, to name but a few. Television
viewers are subjected FOX News and it's glaringly biased right wing
disinformation, spread through not only its news department, but also its
myriad commentators such as Bill O'Reilly, Glenn Beck and Sean Hannity.
These people don't just spin the news around us, they purposefully lie
about it to further the jaded political ideology of their corporate
master, in this case, Rupert Murdoch.
What good can one possibly say about a person who
publicly states that he is free to print, publish
or broadcast whatever he wants through his media properties, whether it is
the truth or not? This is the warped opinion of Mr. Murdoch and his faux
news organization. So much for journalistic integrity.
A Right-Wing Biased Shift In American Media
The beloved Reagan Administration was the evil behind
the 1988 deregulation of our media. It was under Reagan and Bush Sr., that
the genesis for media monopolization began. They also did away with the
Fairness Doctrine, Federal requirements that governed our political
debates, equal time, and the personal attack rule. This essentially made
it easier for the right to lie and spread political propaganda without
fear of retaliation.
The advent of 1980s Reagan-era deregulation, along
with recent commission rulings of the 90s and new millennium, has
allowed a select group of major corporations to now purchase a
domineering control of mass media throughout the country, bringing about
a dangerous and unprecedented far right influence over the American
media. The FCC was allowed to scrap broadcast ownership limitations,
allowing dangerous monopolies that the law was originally intended to
prevent. Under the new ruling, broadcast owners were able to
freely sell their licenses as commodities with no regard for the public
trust.
The Reagan deregulation of our media
has arguably been the death knell for our highly revered republic. As a
result, our watchdog of
democracy has been stolen from us.
The license to broadcast
used to always be held in the "public interest." Sadly, that is no
longer the case. It is now in the "corporate interest," with an
undeniable allegiance to a financial bottom line which governs its direction and
purpose. Before deregulation, a broadcast licensee was made to hold
their license in the first term for a minimum of five years and then for
every renewal afterwards, a duration of three years, whether the license
holder was making a profit or losing their shirt entirely. It was
for
the "public good."
What we have now is what this author
refers to as "Century-21 broadcasting," for you can now buy a
media outlet and immediately turn around the next minute and hang a
for sale sign on that license, with the sole interest of profit,
with no longer any regard for the public good. That in a nutshell is what has allowed
our broadcast media to now be boiled down to a mere six corporations.
THE EIGHT YEAR TAKEOVER OF THE US
MEDIA
All it took to seize total US media
control was money and 8 years time.
From 50 large media companies to just six in eight years.
(The Viacom and CBS split
gives us six corporations since this printing.)
Graph courtesy of
the Corporate Accountability Project
www.corporations.org/media
Broadcast Deregulation: A
Dark
Oman For Democracy
Aside from the loss of
varied and distinctive viewpoints that are now missing from our
society, we have also greatly diminished our ability to safeguard our
republic and the democracy for which it stands. With no one asking the
tough questions, who is actually protecting our rights and our democracy
anymore?
The only way to usurp democracy is to fool
the people. The only way to fool the people is through their news and
media. Once deregulation was allowed, the plan for the takeover of the
U.S. was finally able to accelerate by having big money buy up and
consolidate all of the U.S. media.
The deregulation of the media, the
protector of our Democracy, is often now called by many as “short
sided thinking,” one with dire consequences for our republic, but
others challenge that it was
a deliberate plan, a calculated step towards the taking
over of our media and the U.S.
The Reagan-era deregulation
of broadcasting brought about media consolidation to the point where
news and information in our democracy is now able to be controlled.
Sadly for our nation’s democracy, our media ownership has dropped from
50 major ownership organizations in 1983 to just six groups today.
That’s a very dangerous precedent for the vaunted protector of our
democracy. Each of these media giants is also a multi-BILLION dollar
enterprise with numerous media outlets in their fold. (TV, radio,
newspapers, movies, etc.)
Taking over the media is a
necessary phase in toppling a government “of the people” because
it is an invaluable tool in shaping the public’s opinion. Our credulous
acceptance of the news as gospel should punctuate easily enough why
people fell for the Iraq 9/11 connection. Even though Bush II
later admitted publicly that Iraq had no ties, a third of
Americans still believe the lie. That is the all powerful
persuasion of the media. (Being a mindless lemming helps too.)
Creation of Monopolies
FCC ownership deregulation has allowed the monopoly acquisition of television,
radio, newspaper, and cable providers, all previously expressly
prohibited so that one person or group could not impartially influence a
widespread audience with political, philosophical or religious ideology.
These recent changes have brought about a convergence
of media, expressly prohibited until now, creating once
forbidden monopolies, dangerous for the overbearing influence
they can impose on a democratic society. Many constitutional
scholars and advocates of democracy argue vehemently that the
FCC has failed to protect the public interest, deferring instead
to a political agenda in favor of the extreme far right. One
most notable example would be the FCC abandonment of the
Fairness Doctrine which used to force broadcasters to present opposing
viewpoints to its audiences.
Sadly, under Republican leadership, the FCC has essentially
adopted a more corporate stance towards regulation, moving
towards the right wing conservatives' dream of a market-based
interpretation of FCC regulation.
While the FCC has been involved in much
litigation regarding these new dangerous media monopolies, the
US Supreme Court has failed to exercise its judicial purview in
more cases than not. Congress itself has has amended the
Communications Act many times in a lobbied effort to strengthen
the act back towards the public interest, but the right has
argued that their new monolithic converging monopolies should be
allowed to let a free marketplace determine the fate of American
media for the common man.
Rules governing libel for printed media and slander
for vocal electronic media are now easily skirted and sorely abused
under the guise of "commentary." The new right-wing controlled faux news
organizations stack their anchor rosters with countless talking heads,
all delivering commentary under the guise of journalistic news to an
uneducated and altogether far too trusting American public.
Arguably the most alarming of all, the Commission
has shirked its responsibility and duty in reviewing renewal
applications for broadcasting licenses, essentially making such
license privileges permanent.
Foreign Ownership
There was a
day when a foreign national was not allowed to buy into
the U.S.
media, due to the inherent danger of having our way of government
influenced by concepts that are contrary to the ideals that our forefathers
fought so hard and died for, leaving to us be caretakers of. We have failed
miserably in that regard, as it is now legal for foreigners to buy into
our media, as the Australian Murdoch has, thus circumventing and
usurping our republic and its democracy, as our forefathers feared.
FOX news owner Rupert Murdoch of News Corp has said that in the very
near future, we will be down to just three media owners and he is
adamant that he will be one of them. That is a scary thought for many,
considering the fact that Murdoch is the one who claims he can print or broadcast
whatever he likes, whether it is the truth or not.
At this perilous point in
our country, we quite literally, have the FOX watching over the hen
house. Pun intended. Rupert Murdoch has changed our media.
Please, watch the movie
“OutFoxed: Rupert Murdoch’s War On Journalism.” Find out how
Americans have been fooled, as told by reporters and news editors who
have worked there. Those who might already be loyal FOX viewers are in for a
rude awakening.
FOX is arguably the most biased of all the networks in its news, but
then, all the major
networks have their shortcomings.
Look to alternative forms of
information and news, but do so with a watchful eye and wary mind. Be
discerning with the source of your media, for it is blind media
gullibility that has indeed cost us all dearly here in America. We were
far too trusting of the media with our one true treasure,
our Republic and its democracy.
Our Media Was Purposefully Stolen
Gone are the days of broadcasting in the
public interest as the commission apparently leans in favor of
the corporate interest, weakly requiring broadcasters to present
their own feigned view of public interest programming.
Consider this quote from
John Swinton, former Chief of Staff for the New York Times in an address
to the New York Press club.
"There
is no such thing, at this date of the world's history, in America, as an
independent press. You know it and I know it. There is not one of you
who dares to write your honest opinions, and if you did, you know
beforehand that it would never appear in print. I am paid weekly for
keeping my honest opinion out of the paper I am connected with. Others
of you are paid similar salaries for similar things, and any of you who
would be so foolish as to write honest opinions would be out on the
streets looking for another job. If I allowed my honest opinions to
appear in one issue of my paper, before twenty-four hours my occupation
would be gone. The business of the journalists is to destroy the truth;
to lie outright; to pervert; to vilify; to fawn at the feet of mammon,
and to sell his country and his race for his daily bread. You know it
and I know it and what folly is this toasting an independent press? We
are the tools and vassals of rich men behind the scenes. We are the
jumping jacks, they pull the strings and we dance. Our talents, our
possibilities and our lives are all the property of other men. We are
intellectual prostitutes."
John
Swinton, former Chief of Staff, The New York Times.
How did the watchdog of our Constitutional freedoms arrive at
this sorry state?
The first
portion of the plot began in 1917 with direction from the JP Morgan empire. Once again Morgan interests
were at the forefront of another plot when he hired twelve of
the top news managers to help them determine the most influential
newspapers in America. The idea was to find the key news
institutions that other news outlets looked to and were thus
influenced by. (This is documented by Congressman Oscar Calloway
in the official U.S. Record,
volume 54, dated February 9, 1917.)
Once the
editors arrived at a consensus, Morgan interests then bought or
infiltrated the top 25 news organizations reported to them by
the
task force of news managers. An editor was assigned to run each
paper, making sure that all news stories were controlled and
that the watchdog for freedom was officially castrated.
This was a key
step towards total information and
news control in the United States, giving birth to
censorship, disinformation and propaganda. The guardian of our
forefather's dream of Constitutional freedom had been deeply
wounded.
As Thomas
Jefferson once said, “The man who reads nothing at all is
better educated than the man who reads nothing but newspapers.”
Operation
Mockingbird
Years later
the CIA would take that
media control a step farther by recruiting naive, self
proclaimed patriotic reporters to aid in their efforts, as well
as installing their own people within the nation's mainstream
corporate press. This project was known as "Operation
Mockingbird," the name alone was suggestive of the mission's
objective, total control of the U.S. media system. Many might
naively scoff at such an idea, until perhaps they hear it
straight from the horse's mouth.
According to
former CIA Director William Colby, "The CIA owns everyone of
any significance in the major media."
If
that quote alone isn’t enough to raise a “Spock eyebrow” for
some, then please consider this gem from another former CIA
Director, William Casey, “We'll know our disinformation
program is complete when everything the American public believes
is false.”
There are two surefire methods of recruitment for
Operation Mockingbird. One method is through blind patriotism,
recruiting those willing to report whatever they are told
because it is said to be a National Security matter, or in the
best interests of the United States. Others they just bribe, for
the ultimate mole, someone who is willing to print absolutely
anything, true or not, for the simple price of money.
Many
broadcast dignitaries were lured to the cause of Operation
Mockingbird, including such venerable icons as Walter Lippmann, Edward R. Murrow,
Walter Cronkite, to name but just a few out of hundreds of
broadcasters and noted journalists.
In the case of Lippmann, he was considered by
some to be the Dean of American Journalism. He was also the
editor of a US propaganda unit, and the Secretary of "The
Inquiry," a quasi-intelligence agency. He indeed knew both sides of
the cover.
The CIA took media manipulation to new heights of disinformation
and propaganda, while pushing journalistic integrity to new
lows.
One thing the CIA understands well is that
information is as good as gold, and he who controls information
can use that data for political gain, power and wealth. With
that premise in mind, the CIA began a project in the late 1940s
known as “Operation Mockingbird.” The program was originally
under the direction of Frank Wisner, an undercover State
Department official who was assigned to the Foreign Service to
propagate disinformation in Europe through his Office of Policy
Coordination.
It was Wisner who took under his wing a former
graduate of the Army Intelligence School, Philip Graham, who was
the publisher of the Washington Post. Along with Allen Dulles
and Richard Helms, they undertook the genesis of “Operation
Mockingbird,” a covert project to infiltrate the American press
for the efforts of disinformation and propaganda on domestic
soil. They were able to coerce many media members under the
guise of “national interests” and patriotic efforts during the
early stages of the cold war. Hundreds of reporters, editors and
publishers were said to be involved and overseen by then CIA
Director Dulles.
FOIA documents were eventually uncovered that
showed CIA agents openly bragging through interoffice memos that
the agency had in place "important assets" within every major
news organization in the U.S. In 1982, the CIA finally admitted
to employing reporters on their payroll.
A great many of our
hallowed media outlets are alleged to be involved with Project
Mockingbird. They are rumored to include, ABC, CBS, and NBC.
Other publications said to be involved are Time magazine,
Newsweek, Fortune magazine, Business Week, the New York Times,
Washington Post, LA Times, New York Post, Denver Post,
Minneapolis StarTribune, Gannett/USA Today, Knight-Ridder
newspapers, the Associated Press, United Press International
(UPI), Reuters, Hearst Newspapers, Scripps-Howard, and Copley
News Service, not to mention over 400 journalists who have been
used for numerous assignments, all according to released FOIA
documents.
Many
publishing institutions are also rumored to be involved, such as
Simon & Schuster, McGraw-Hill, Random House, Doubleday, Harper
Bros., Viking Press, and also Book of the Month Club.
Washington Post reporter
Carl Bernstein was reportedly once told,
"One journalist is worth twenty agents."
The CIA policy is to use and manipulate these
“assets” in order to plant disinformation in the U.S., the same
way they have done for years overseas through their Office of
Strategic Influence. The problem is, it is apparently
sanctioned by Congress for them to do so abroad, but expressly
illegal to do so domestically.
All of the above once
again echoes back to the infamous quote from Churchill on the
victor writing the history. It’s easy to see how this could come
to fruition when the publishing houses have the power to refuse
or accept what actually gets published.
The project did not stop
there, but eventually infiltrated Corporate America, as well as
many major U.S. universities. The chokehold on America was
complete.
The American
media furthers the agenda of Operation Mockingbird by simply
avoiding stories altogether that are meant to be kept from the
public, or else mixes some truth with blatant
misinformation to purposefully muddy the facts.
Many books have been written on the subject of
Operation Mockingbird:
-
The CIA and the Cult of
Intelligence
-
Who Controls
the Media? The Subversion of the Free Press by the CIA,
The Depraved Spies and Moguls of the CIA's Operation
Mockingbird
-
The CIA:
America's Premier International Terrorist Organization
-
Virtual
Government: CIA Mind Control Operations in America
For many, the
CIA has indeed become the greatest evil of this world,
arrogantly flaunting its power while exercising no moral
restraint in achieving its own self prescribed goals. Operation
Mockingbird is arguably their most powerful tool as it is the
veil that shrouds their heinous misdeeds and covers their
abuses.
Make no mistake about it, Operation Mockingbird is indeed alive
and still operating as our media continues to mislead the public
on everything and anything that those pulling the strings wish
their puppets to sell to us. Whether it be the numerous
unreported incongruities of 9/11, the illegal wars in
Afghanistan and Iraq, the orchestrated economic collapse, or the
diversion of the gulf oil spill, the media has not told us
anything close to the truth. But as the X-Files was famous for
pointing out, “The truth is out there.” All we need to do
is look.
More On Operation Mockingbird:
Operation Mockingbird: CIA Media Manipulation
Mockingbird - The Subversion
Of The Free Press By The CIA
Two Dead Presidents And
Operation Mockingbird
Walter Cronkite: Most Trusted Asset of Operation Mockingbird
Operation Mockingbird
Media Control In The
Hands of A Few
The watchdog of democracy,
our hallowed and formerly esteemed press, became easy pickings for
corporate takeover. Government deregulation in the 1980s made it
possible for the conversion of our media into the complicit,
homogenized, neutered, spineless industry that it is today.
The current media of the
United States is controlled by a mere half dozen owners and CEOs. Those six
individuals have total control over what you see and how your news and
information in the world is shaped and presented to you. See for
yourself in the following table.
| U.S.
MEDIA OWNERSHIP |
GE / Comcast – NBC
Jeffrey Immelt / Brian
Roberts |
CBS Corporation - CBS
Les Moonves |
NewsCorp – FOX
Rupert Murdoch |
Disney – ABC
Robert Iger |
Time Warner-CNN
Jeffrey Bewkes |
Viacom – UPN
Philippe Dauman |
|
Each of these corporate giants have other
vast numerous media holdings, through cable, radio,
internet, magazines and newspapers. These six corporations
alone account for the major bulk of our entire media.
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"The gathering of more and more outlets under
one owner clearly can be an impediment to a free and independent press."
Former CBS News anchorman
Walter Cronkite
With six people
in charge of our current media, it is now all too easy to
propagandize and manipulate the people through the press. Until people
give up their longstanding,
naive
faith
in our corporate news media, they will never find their way out of
oppression, nor ever know the real truth.
With the media
unified now under consolidated corporate ownership, literally in
lock-step with each other, it’s much easier to propagandize with
disinformation, such as the infamous 9/11 link to Iraq, or
non-existent weapons of mass destruction to encourage our entry
into an imperial war of conquest.
To quote the fictitious
character Howard Beal from the 1976 movie Network…
“We’ll tell
you any shit you want to hear.”
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